Decreasing Racism in Canada - 989 Words

Do you think Canada is still racist country? In my opinion, I definitely support the fact that Canada is not a racist country anymore. It has changed significantly since its birth; it was once a child, however, it has now grown up and is a role model for other countries. Rewinding back to the early and mid 1900, Canada was known as a racist country; however after WWII, it started to reduce the racism, sexism, and hatred against non-white Races. Canada began to allow multi races such as Chinese, Japanese, and the Jewish to live in Canada, however, life was still difficult for the non- whites. The essay â€Å"Our Home and Racist Land† was written approximately 50 years ago and talks about facts that occurred 30 years before the essay was written.†¦show more content†¦He told me that Canada has changed â€Å"tremendously, it is now much cleverer, intelligent, and knows how to make a better decision.† I think my neighbor has succeeded and well fought racism, he ow ns a house and has a BMW now; this man is wealthy and a successful person now. A quote from the book that I found interesting was â€Å"Police relations are at all-time low† which was said by the narrator of the story. The narrator tries to tell that police officers back in the 80s were corrupted, in a way that they would be friendlier to whites then any other races. Fortunately, today the police and the law of Canada are tight and protected. The law is made for everyone in Canada which does not provide special benefits or disadvantages for a certain race. A fact is that Toronto is the most cosmopolitan city in the world. We have the most multicultural people living in Toronto. Canada accepts over 1 immigration applicants to come to Canada and start a completely new life. It does not set any restrictions against anyone who applies to come to Canada. Everyone in Canada has the right to follow their religion, what they want to wear, where they want to live, how they want to li ve, and follow their desired cultures. Ever since my family and I moved to Canada, we have not experienced any sort of racism. It has been seven years since I’ve moved to Canada and since then I have not been discriminated,Show MoreRelatedRacism: a World Problem1425 Words   |  6 PagesRacism: A World Problem In one way or another everyone encounters racism at many times in their life. Whether they are making the comments or victims of it, racism is everywhere and continues to be denied throughout the world. Neil Bissoondath, a Trinidad native, writes Im Not Racist ButÂ… which discusses the types of labels given to different ethnic groups and the encouragement of racism they give. Based on the effective way it was written, Bissoondaths essay is suggested for an English 101Read MoreMary Ann Shadd Cary : More Than A Woman908 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican safety and nationalism during the 19th century. Native to the United States, Cary joined the massive migration of blacks to Canada following the implementation of the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850. The law increased slave owners’ property rights by decreasing the occurrence and possibility of escape. As a freed country in close proximity to the U.S., Canada was a favorable option in the search of a safe home for blacks. Cary’s arrival sparked an immediate sense of security, as she began publishingRead MoreCanadas Multicultural Dynamic1357 Words   |  6 Pagesnegatively affect the larger picture of Canadian culture in comparison to public policy supporting multiculturalism. The idea of Canada being a â€Å"multicultural† society has arguably been around since the country’s early origins, despite varying understanding of the term itself. Notably, George-Étienne Cartier, who was a Father of Confederation, conceptualized Canada â€Å"as a political nation, encompassing different cultural nations† (Davis 68). Cartier’s ability to see politics as a framework thatRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Ethical, Legal And Public Health Issue824 Words   |  4 Pagesnot abortion should be restricted in the law is a controversial ethical, legal and public health issue that affects us all. While some countries have a legal restriction on abortion, Canada has no legal constraints: abortion is regulated and determined by the health act. Liberalization movements of abortion laws in Canada started in the 1960s by both feminist groups and the medical profession. This was found necessary to address the rise in mortality rates of pregnant wo men. A provincial chief coronersRead More Too much Tolerance Essay676 Words   |  3 Pagesmore specifically, the modern, politically correct definition of tolerance, holds some very dangerous pitfalls which, if our government, and we, as a people are not careful of, could be crippling to the individualism, and the religious diversity of Canada, and the world. The dictionary definition of tolerance is: â€Å"The capacity for, or the practice of recognizing and respecting the beliefs or practices of others†, but the definition has become much, much deeper than that. Tolerance has become muchRead MoreExternal Analysis On Nova Scotia1312 Words   |  6 Pagesfisheries, forestry, agriculture, and production of renewable and non-renewable natural resources. Another economical problem is that higher wage jobs have showed the slowest growth in Nova Scotia which is extremely important due to the labour force decreasing. This can potentially drop the standard of living. Most business in Nova Scotia are small, and future trends suggest that this will continue to be the case. The issue this rises is that with the shrinking and aging population, these small businessRead MoreThe Health Care Of Canada1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Are Canadians people who are facing homelessness getting the health care that they need in Canada? Most people would think so because Canada has a system of universal health insurance. The World Health Organization(WHO) describes universal health insurance as ensuring that all people can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services doesRead MoreDr. Bernard, Canada s Nine Non Partisan Senators1752 Words   |  8 Pagescontribute to the country is an incredible privilege, one that [she] knows [she] will be accountable for† (Semansky, 2016, para. 7). While Trudeau has named diversity as a priority within the Canadian Parliament, stating in his UN speech that â€Å"[i]n Canada, we see diversity as a source of strength, not weakness† (Kilpatrick, 2016, para. 37), I believe that there is still a long road ahead in acknowledging the exclusion of African-Canadian women in Federal government leadership roles, especially in contextRead MoreThe Aging Of Population Aging1553 Words   |  7 Pagesaging has many important socio-economic and health consequences . It presents challenges for public health as well as for economic development as there is shrinking and aging of labor force, possible bankruptcy of social security systems . people of canada is getting effected very much aging as they are not getting much opportunities in their fields and person who realted to fashion industries are highly effectd by such aging . In this research I am going to show the effects and after effect of theRead MoreChild Poverty And Its Effects On Children1123 Words   |  5 PagesChild Poverty in Canada Grace Abbott once said, â€Å"Child labor and poverty are inevitably bound together and if you continue to use the labor of children as the treatment for the social disease of poverty, you will have both poverty and child labor to the end of time.† Child poverty is one of the biggest issues facing Canadian children today. Child poverty can significantly shorten a child’s life. One of the major reasons child poverty in Canada is so high is because of low wages. These children have

Climate Change Essay - 1636 Words

Global climate change has positive and negative effects on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. The cause of global climate change is said to be because carbon dioxide is being emitted through the large scale burning of oil, coal and gas, with an additional contribution coming from clearing of tropical forests and woodlands which results in wildlife life destruction. The carbon dioxide traps heat from the sun in the earths atmosphere and prevents it from being sent back out into space. The heat that stays trapped in the atmosphere causes the global temperature to increase. Globally, average temperatures are expected to increase between 1.5 to 6.1 degrees Celsius in the next hundred years. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Climate change will†¦show more content†¦These effects have been demonstrated mainly in controlled environments such as growth chambers, greenhouses, and plastic enclosures. Higher levels of atmospheric CO2 also induce plants to close the small leaf openings known as stomatas through which CO2 is absorbed and water vapor is released. Thus, under CO2 enrichment crops may use less water even while they produce more carbohydrates. This dual effect will likely improve water-use efficiency. At the same time, associated climatic effects, such as higher temperatures, changes in rainfall and soil moisture, and increased frequencies of extreme meteorological events, could either enhance or negate potentially beneficial effects of enhanced atmospheric CO2 on crops. Meteorological Events such as hurricanes and heavy storms damage trees and hence reduce productivity. Droughts disrupt crop rotation, many plants are not adapted to such environments and are therefore unable to survive hence productivity is reduced. Page 1 For interior regions, there might be beneficial gains in agricultural production resulting from the indirect effects of a warmer climate and adequate precipitation, especially in higher latitudes across Canada and Russia. The increased carbon dioxide might also directly increase plant growth and productivity as well. In fact, this theory, known as the Carbon dioxide Fertilization Effect, has led some scientists to controversially suggest that the Greenhouse EffectShow MoreRelatedClimate Changes And Climate Change Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: Climate is inherently variable. Climate changes from place to place and it varies with time. The world now faces one of the complex and important issue it has ever had to deal with: climate change. Climate change today is one of the biggest concerns of human beings on the planet and the effects of climate change are undeniable and it may cause environmental, social, and economic threats to the planet. We already know and easily can highlight several signs of climate change. They are: risingRead MoreClimate Changes And Climate Change1016 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Climate change is a reality that is happening now, and that we can see its impact across the world† (Haddrill, 2014) Climate change is the changes in the pattern of the climate due to natural and human activities that has been used inappropriately. Climate is defined as the â€Å"average weather† (Calow, 1998) for a particular region. Climate change is the human activities that affect Earth’s climate by using the human activities inappropriately that leads to the warming of the Earth. There are varietyRead MoreClimate Changes And Climate Change1081 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of climate change has been around for quite a while. The earliest mention of climate change dates back to the 19th century. Swedish scientist, Svante Archenius was the first scientist to study the effect of CO2 on climate. (Rodhe et al 1997) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines climate change as â€Å"A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g by using statistical tests) by changes in mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persistsRead MoreClimate Changes And Climate Change935 Words   |  4 PagesClimate change is one of the most important challenges of humankind in this century. The ability to adapt, mitigate and reduce carbon emissions will be decisive to preserve the world for future generations. The last IPCC report has provided more evidence regarding the rise in temperature and sea level. Apparently, additional 2 °C above the pre-industrial average temperature levels is unavoidable, and it will continue at that level due the accumulation of gases in the atmosphere (Solomon 2009). ClimateRead MoreClimate Changes And Climate Change1817 Words   |  8 Pageshear the words â€Å"climate change† what comes to mind? Probably weather and the change s. Many of us watch the news or use an app on our cellphones/electronic devices to keep an eye on the weather for the day, week, or even the month. But, there is actually a difference between weather and climate. Weather is actually â€Å"the changes we see and feel outside from day to day. It might rain one day and be sunny the next. Weather also changes from place to place† (Dunbar, 2014). Whereas â€Å"climate is the usual weatherRead MoreClimate Change Is The Change923 Words   |  4 PagesClimate change is the change in earth’s climate like temperature and precipitation over a particular region. Climate change has shown its affect all across the globe and is leading to all undesirable loses. Some of the reasons of radical climate changes are: †¢ Irresponsible activities of humans like misuse of fossil fuels, polluting water bodies and use of non-renewable sources †¢ Burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil are rising the levels of carbon dioxide in the air. Climate change is not onlyRead MoreClimate Change Is A Change1482 Words   |  6 Pages Climate change is a change in global or regional climate patterns. Climate change is a topic that is brought up in many different genres of conversations. Whether it be brought up and discussed in politics, school, family, or friends, some people still limit using those words when in casual conversation. Some of those same people are the people who still deny that climate change is happening. Climate change affects every single one of us. It affects everyone who lives on this earth every day andRead MoreThe Change Of The Climate Change1184 Words   |  5 Pages The world continues to spin and spin, and we’ve always heard about the condition of the climate. We hear about the changing levels of CO2 in our atmosphere and the Earth’s population contribution to the rise of it. No one usually stops to think about how the food production systems for the food we eat is also a contributing factor to the rise of CO2. â€Å"I turn my life upside-down, start biking to work, plan t a big garden, turn down the thermostat so low I need the Jimmy Carter signature cardiganRead MoreClimate Change3273 Words   |  14 Pages1. Introduction Scientific evidence of the world’s changing climate is unequivocal. The expected impacts of the changing climate are likely to adversely affect the well being of all countries and particularly the poorest countries, some of which are in Africa. The changing climate has been manifested in the form of: increased severity and frequency of droughts; floods and storms; water stress, coastal erosion, and higher incidence of vector borne diseases among others. The resulting declines inRead MoreClimate Changes And Climate Change Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages Climate change is defined by the Intergovernmental panel on climate change ( IPCC) as a variation in the mean state of climate persisting for an extended period of time typically decades or longer while the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) defines climate change as a change in the climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activities that alters the composition of the global atmos phere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed

Military And Civilian Discipline The Effect On The...

Military and Civilian Discipline: The Effects on the Organization Without military discipline, members of military wouldn t be able to function as one team during missions, exercises and training (Spector, Hayes, Shaw, 1978). Discipline and standards provide the foundation for any organization. Through teaching and the infusion of standards and discipline, an organization can ensure their success. Discipline needs to be legally and morally correct to instill trust in your personnel and trust in us as leaders. The laws and regulations that govern discipline need to be followed to help solidify the trust within an organization. The objective of any disciplinary system should be to correct an employee’s work-related conduct and/or performance while maintaining high productivity, discipline, integrity and morale among employees. The military justice has been seen as having a rough form of justice emphasizing summary procedures, speedy convictions and stern penalties in order to maintain obedience throughout the ranks (Heniarti Safei, 1962). But, there are differences between military and civilian discipline. The rules and regulations that govern discipline vary greatly. The military follows the Uniform Code of military Justice (UCMJ) where as civilians have Labor Laws and Unions. Unions are both regulated and regulatory players within a statutory scheme that sets them far apart from other voluntary associations (Estlund, 2015). Can you imagine if a military member wasShow MoreRelatedDiscipline 1817 Words   |  4 PagesDiscipline is of the utmost importance in order to ensure the efficiency of the military organization as a whole as well that of the individual units. Efficiency helps to ensure that goals are met and that the highest level of profeesionalism is maintained at all times. The level of discipline directly affects a soldiers conduct so the two concepts are directly related and of equal importance. Discipline is important in life as well as in the Army. The core values of the British Army are: courageRead MoreTattoos And Its Impact On Society Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesopinion. From the tattoo placement anywhere on the body, to the vulgar and offensive kind of tattoos; restrictions are absolutely necessary. Some feel as if the Marine Corps shouldn’t have any tattoo restrictions. But I strongly disagree. This Organization has been built on so many great principles, like our Corps Values: â€Å"Honor, Courage, and Commitment.† Then we have our official United States Marine Corps (USMC) slogan: â€Å"The Few, The Proud, The Marines†. We have a reputation for being a professionalRead MoreTattoos And Its Impact On Society Essay955 Words   |  4 Pagescontrol in my opinion. From the tattoo placement anywhere on the body, to the offensive kind of tattoos; restrictions are absolutely necessary. Some feel as if the Marine Corps shouldn’t have any tatto o restrictions. But I strongly disagree. This Organization has been built on so many great principles, like our Corps Values: â€Å"Honor, Courage, and Commitment.† Then we have our official United States Marine Corps (USMC) slogan: â€Å"The Few, The Proud, The Marines†. We have a reputation for being a professionalRead MoreGeneva Conventions Essay770 Words   |  4 PagesThe laws of war The IHL and Geneva conventions are mainly known as the organizations that keep morals and sense in armed conflicts otherwise known as wars. These organizations place laws during war, if these laws hadnt been put in place during 1949 I dont think many of us would be here today. The main international agreements are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949. Nearly every country in the world is part of these treaties, they protect four different categories of war victims Ââ€" the woundedRead MoreHow Do Political, Economic and Social Realities of a Society Shape Its Perceptions and Ability to Make War?1105 Words   |  5 Pagesrevolutionized warfare in seventeenth-century France. Generally, revolutions in military affairs (RMA) convey technological and organizational developments and advancements in military tactics. According to Rogers, â€Å"military revolutions comprise four elements: technological change, systems development, operational motivation, and organizational adaptation.† Technology alone does not in itself create a revolution in military affairs. While there were no new implementations of weapons and tactics (FranceRead MoreSexual Assault in the Military Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesUS Armed Forces is historically an organization lead b y men, for men. It is comprised of about 14.5 % female and 85.5% male according to a 2011poll (CNN U.S, Jan 2014). In an organization with a rich history and legacy of obedience and restraint, it is hard to imagine the secret society of â€Å"The good ol boys†. It has been acceptable for men to â€Å"work hard, play hard†. We have all seen the movies where the men come back from overseas, invade the bars, have a good time, take a girl home, and it isRead MoreMission Command During The Carolinas Campaign1063 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans, Canadians, Dutch, British, and German military organizations have developed a mission command concept since the 19th century. Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 6-0, Mission Command, â€Å"directs leaders to exercise authority and direction using mission orders to enable discipline initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of land warfare. Unified land operations are executed through decisive action by mean of core competencies andRead MoreThe Disgrace of Veteran Homelessness Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe military has been instrumental in the protection and development of U.S interests around the world. From the Revolutionary War, which established the United States as a nation, through the World Wars, which set up the U.S as one of the world super powers, to its current war on terror, the military has helped and protected U.S. interests around the world. During all these wars American soldiers have proudly served their country. Because of these wars America is famous throughout the world forRead MoreWhat Are Military Ethics?1056 Words   |  5 PagesDiscussion 1. What are military ethics? Military ethics can mean a wide range of things. It can encompass all aspects of military conduct, from writing performance reviews on subordinates, to relations of military personnel with their civilian leaders, to issues related to war (Encyclopedia.com 2017). However this reflection paper will espouse on the essential characteristics of leadership choices, higher standard for military personnel, and behavioral traits that must be imparted to our membersRead MoreBeing on Time in the Military Essay2915 Words   |  12 PagesDiscipline is being considered as a primary requisite in each military academy in the world. Especially, during any military training discipline is being required. So, show how well disciplined soldier you are in front of your senior military officials you should be punctual. Punctuality plays a vital role in making any cadet a full fledged military official. Military training is considered as one of the toughest assignment to crack. The road of performing all the drills and exercises will not

Essay on Analysis of Televsion Show I Dream of Jeannie

The 1960’s was a decade filled with revolution across America, in the forms of both counterculture and pop culture. The second wave of feminism ran rampant, powered by Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique. The role of the housewife began to be placed under the microscope and women started to wonder aloud whether they were truly happen being second-rate to their husbands. The television sitcoms of the 1960’s displayed this change in thinking, one sitcom specifically being I Dream of Jeannie. The plot of I Dream of Jeannie centered on an astronaut named Major Tony Nelson and his incidental discovery of a genie in a bottle. This genie, named Jeannie, saves Nelson from the island he is stranded on and she stows away in his luggage to follow†¦show more content†¦Women serving men out of love seems a step better than women serving men because of cultural norms, but that still didn’t jibe with feminists. Larry Hagman, the actor who played Tony Nelson, m aintains the show’s innocence in promoting any feminist ideas. In a quote on the show’s website, Larry Hagman believes that back in those days we didnt have underlying messages. We werent trying to suggest anything. All we were trying to do was be funny (Concept, 2009). Regardless, I Dream of Jeannie’s portrayal of the subservient housewife, no matter how funny or abnormal Jeannie’s role was, showed the capability of women to be of equal strength and intelligence as men. Not only was Jeannie’s servitude an issue with feminists, but Jeannie’s attire also raised some eyebrows. Dressed in the pink, seductive outfit of a harem, Jeannie bent censorship barriers when the concept originally had her navel exposed outside of her outfit. It was ultimately decided that her navel wouldn’t be shown, but the argument brought much publicity to the cause for more exposure on television. Because of her attire and the content of the show, I Dream of Je annie can be seen as one of the first sitcoms to break away from the wholesome family mold made famous by television series like Leave It to Beaver, The Andy Griffith Show and Lassie. The housewives of those shows wouldn’t dare wear the costume made famous by Jeannie.

Global Strategy and Plan of Action on Public Health Free Essays

Introduction, Background and Aims The Global Strategy and Plan of Action on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property (GSPOA) established by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2008 suggested that the WHO should take a central role when it comes to managing the relationship between innovation, intellectual property and the provision of health services across the globe. As noted in the background understanding of the strategy set out by the WHO, 4.8 billion people are living in what is considered to be a developing country, with 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Strategy and Plan of Action on Public Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now 7 billion of those living on a budget of less than two US dollars a day[1]. Linking this to the provision of healthcare services and the recognition that communicable diseases are often central to the mortality rate in these countries, the WHO recommended looking at how new products could legally be managed so that they are made available to fight diseases within the developing countries, thus providing the necessary foundation for the pharmaceutical industry, so that there would be no gap in treatment between the developed and developing regions[2]. The purpose of this report is to consider how effective the strategy has been in terms of dealing with the issues of neglected diseases and ensuring that individuals have access to medicines, based on their needs and not determined by where they live or their financial resources. This paper will first look at the perceived problems that were to be addressed by the strategy in terms of the innovation gap and why the developing regions seem to be lagging behind where access to medicine is concerned. It will also explore the link that has been established between accessibility and the ability to protect intellectual property, and encourage innovation. The key elements of the strategy, including how these are to be prioritised will then be looked at, to ascertain which are likely to encourage such innovation and the legal provisions that are likely to be formative in achieving this. Consideration will then be given to regional platforms and ways in which this strategy has been applied in localised developing regions, as well as identifying any ongoing issues that have emerged in more recent years; finally, recommendations will be made for the future, in order to deal with any weaknesses in the original agenda of the strategy. The Problem – Innovation Gap Before looking at whether or not the strategy and subsequent legal approach has been successful in addressing neglected diseases and improving general levels of access to medicine, it is first necessary to consider the stated problems which the strategy aims to deal with and the way in which it viewed the issue of innovation, at the outset, when setting out the appropriate strategy to deal with this gap[3]. The need to deal with the issue of access to basic medical care is increasingly important according to the international agenda for global health. Much of this has been encouraged by the HIV pandemic taking place in the developing countries at a much more serious rate than that the experience of the more developed locales[4]. With this in mind and in the context of the introduction of the World Trade Organisation Agreement on trade related aspects of intellectual property rights by offering patent protection to pharmaceutical products, there is increasing attention being placed on issues relating to the availability and pricing of the essential medicines[5]. The issue of dealing with the innovation gap and the resulting gap in the availability of medicines between the developing and developed regions is something that emerged during the 2008 strategy and is also central to the research undertaken by the Commission on Health Research and Development, back in the 1990s, where commitments were made as part of the millennium development goals to ensure that activities would be undertaken to benefit some of the poorest countries in the world; for example, encouraging donations from both public and private sectors, in order to ensure that these countries were able to undertake their own research and development, thus reducing any disparity that existed within global health. Despite this commitment, the innovation gap remains, and this has led to the establishment of the 2008 strategy. Since the establishment of the 1995 World Trade Organisation protection of intellectual property rights relating to pharmaceutical products, there has been an ongoing tension between the ability of commercial organisations to achieve financial success as a result of patenting pharmaceutical products and the need to ensure consistent global health services. This tension was such that, in 2003, it was decided by the World Health Organisation that it was necessary to obtain the advice of an independent expert commission[6]. As a result, the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health established that there are key policy measures that need to be created, in order to fill in the gaps which have emerged in this area and to deal with the ever increasing disparity in health care services. In particular, the commission focused on the gap that existed in the innovation cycle. The commission saw the crucial step of breaking down the innovation cycle as a means of l ooking at the various stages of bringing medicines to the market and, critically, identifying any weaknesses within the developing regions that emerge as part of the innovation cycle. When looking at countries that have made essential innovative improvements, it is possible to identify more accurately how the developing countries could potentially improve in the future, so as to ensure that appropriate medicines becomes available on a needs’ basis, rather than on an economic basis. Recommendations were made on policy improvement in the area and as such the Working Group on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property was established[7]. The group worked with the notion that the development of innovation is a complex process and requires a wide range of policy areas to be considered including the actual scientific and medical fields, but also taking into account social, economic and historic factors, all of which are likely to be relevant when it comes to the underlying success of policy initiatives. Despite this, the focus remains on the concept of pharmaceutical innovation, which looks at the process of discovering, developing, producing and delivering medical products, as and when people require them. Each of these four steps is potentially relevant when considering why certain groups in certain countries do not achieve an acceptable level of health care. Any blockage at any of these stages will have a detrimental impact on the ability of individuals to be treated on a needs’ basis. By using health innovation as an ongoing cycle, several critical practical realities need to be considered[8]. Firstly, it is noted that any form of health innovation will continuously lead in to further health innovation and therefore it will be necessary for experts to have access to previously gained knowledge, before they can then develop this into new knowledge. Secondly, it is also noted that the development of new drugs in isolation is insufficient, as a health infrastructure is required in order to ensure that the correct people have access to the medical care that is produced. This is often perceived to be an underlying problem of intellectual property, in itself, as it may be possible for an individual within an industry to develop a new product or new process, but it is ensuring that this new product or process enters the market which ultimately makes it commercially viable. The health innovation market is no different and, whilst it may be possible for key individuals to develop new innovations, if there is no structure available to ensure that everyone gains access to these medicines, the cycle is broken and the underlying goal of the WHO is not achieved[9]. Therefore, in the developing regions, there is the difficulty, not only of lacking potential technical expertise to develop the drugs, but also of being unable to develop, produce and distribute any medical advancement, which will ultimately block the ability of key individuals to receive the treatment they require based on need. Core Elements of the GSPA Eight core elements are identified as relevant as part of this policy for legal and research reform. Each of these is considered briefly, in order to identify the impact that they have had on the overall development of the ability of developing countries to utilise health innovation in such a way that will benefit the necessary groups of individuals. Prioritising research and development needs: starting at the outset of the health cycle, the WHO ensured that a better understanding of the health needs of developing countries was required, so that any research and development is focused on these key areas. This crucial stage is vital when identifying neglected diseases as, without identifying the diseases to be targeted, it is difficult to ensure that appropriate innovation takes place. Promoting research and development: although there are multiple different ways of determining the innovative capacity of a particular region, the WHO feels that those responsible for ensuring that neglected diseases in the developing countries are managed more effectively should receive enhanced support to bring their research and development more in line with the developed regions. Building and improving innovative capacity: effective policies and regulations that will promote any abilities and capabilities that are emerging within the developing countries for health innovation; for example, allowing developing countries to undertake their own clinical trials and improving intellectual property protection, as well as the local production of pharmaceuticals. Technology transfer: a large amount of the focus here is placed on ensuring that capacity is noted in the developing regions for policies which also recognise that technology transfer and development is a key way in which the developing countries can gain at least some benefit from existing technologies in other regions[10]. For example, the TRIPS Agreement offered specific incentives for developed countries to work alongside developing regions; therefore, these incentives need to be reviewed, in order to ensure that they are sufficiently strong to encourage and develop countries to transfer technology wherever possible[11]. Application and management of intellectual property: there needs to be recognition that there is a requirement to strengthen capacity to allow intellectual property to be developed within developing regions. It has been proposed by the WHO that there needs to be a review of the application of intellectual property rights within health innovation, to offer incentives to promote the use of intellectual property in the developing countries, even where it may not be immediately perceived to be commercially beneficial. Improving delivery and access: as noted at the outset, establishing health innovation is merely one step in the innovation cycle and there needs to be a strong infrastructure in place to ensure that mechanisms are available to ensure that quality medicines are made available directly to those people who require them, at the correct time, with this being inherently linked to pricing and taxation. Ensuring sustainable financing mechanism: this core element looks more towards the long-term impact on the provision of healthcare services within the developing countries. Whilst there are often substantial financial injections into the developing countries, this needs to be made on a more sustainable footing in order to ensure that there are no substantial gaps in the financing of research and that the development cycle is continuous. Establishing a monitoring and reporting system: the final stage of the focus is to ensure that ongoing monitoring takes place and any potential gaps identified at the earliest opportunity, so that other aspects of the policy can be tweaked in order to encourage appropriate behaviour from both the developing countries themselves and also commercial organisations elsewhere which regularly interact with the developing regions, particularly when it comes to the provision of intellectual property and health innovation. Ongoing Monitoring on Impact Having set out the various different policy approaches, it is proposed here that, if these were to be effectively applied, the developing countries would be in a much stronger position to ensure that health innovations are developed securely in relation to neglected diseases and are more readily available to those in need[12]. However, the strength of these policies really lies in their implementation and whether or not implementation has been successfully achieved, on a practical level. For this reason, the latter stage of this analysis looks at monitoring and evaluating the impact of these policies[13]. By looking in more detail at the area of the policy that is focused on establishing a robust monitoring and reporting systems, the WHO suggests that four areas need to be monitored, specifically. These include, the gap that exists in terms of health products and medical devices; the impact that intellectual property has on all aspects of the policies under scrutiny; the impact of any incentive mechanisms for transferring technology between the developed and developing regions; and finally, the level of investment in research and development, particularly in the developing regions[14]. The key difficulty when it comes to monitoring the impact of the strategy has been that it requires interactions among a variety of different entities, not all of whom are within the health sector. For example, it is necessary to look at the various political and economic issues, as well as goals, in order to gain an understanding of how effective the strategy is proving, from a practical perspective. Conclusions To a large extent, it is suggested here that the best approach for strategy implementation is to utilise regional platforms. By recognising that such a wide variety of landscapes exist among the various different countries, it is necessary to start at a regional level to develop platforms that will enable these regions to promote the underlying strategy, rather than focussing on one consistent approach. The same is true for the development of intellectual property, where having one overall global policy is simply impractical. Here, again, there is a need for intellectual property protection to take into account the demands from developing regions and for incentives to be provided to ensure that those producing medical developments are offered sufficient incentives to provide this information to the developing regions, despite reduced economic capabilities in these regions. When looking at this from a legal perspective and in particular the TRIPS Agreement, it can be seen that there are elements of incentives offered to ensure that developing countries are able t to attract at least some element of intellectual property development[15]; however, these need to be looked at in more detail, to encourage greater practical application, if the WHO strategy is to be successful and the gap between developing and developed countries is not to increase to an unsustainable level. Fundamentally, therefore, mechanisms need to be put in place in order to ensure that the commercial agents developing these medicines are encouraged to focus on those areas of greatest need, rather than on those areas with the greatest financial resources are able to pay for medicines that have been developed. It is concluded here, that there is always likely to be a disparity between commercial demands, as a result of intellectual property protection and health requirements weakening the position of the poorer regions. It is therefore down to international bodies such as the WHO to ensure that there is an incentive mechanisms are in place, in order to redress this imbalance as simple economic tools of supply and demand will not achieve this alone. References Abbott, F.M. (2005) ‘The WTO Medicines Decision: World Pharmaceutical Trade and the Protection of Public Health’. American Journal of International Law 99(2): 317–58. Borrell, J.-R. (2007) ‘Pricing and Patents of HIV/AIDS Drugs in Developing Countries’.Applied Economics 39(4): 505–18 Branstetter, L., R. Fisman and C.F. Foley (2006) ‘Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Increase International Technology TransferEmpirical Evidence from US Firm-level Panel Data’. Quarterly Journal of Economics 121(1): 321–49 Chaudhuri S. (2010), â€Å"RD for development of new drugs for neglected diseases in India†, Int. J. Technology and Globalisation, Vol. 5, Nos. ?, pp. 61-75 Giaccotto, C., R.E. Santerre and J.A. Vernon (2005) ‘Drug Prices and Research and Development Investment Behavior in the Pharmaceutical Industry’. Journal of Law and Economics 48(1): 195–214. Ito, B. and R. Wakasugi (2007) ‘What Factors Determine the Mode of Overseas RD by MultinationalsEmpirical Evidence’. Research Policy 36(8): 1275–87. Kremer, M. and R. Glennerster (2004) Strong Medicine: Creating Incentives for Pharmaceutical Research on Neglected Diseases. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. MSF (2001)., Drugs for Neglected Diseases Working Group and the Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines, Fatal Imbalance: The Crisis in Research and Development for Drugs for Neglected Diseases, MSF, Geneva. Lacetera N. and Orsenigo L. (2001), â€Å"Political regimes. technological regimes and innovation in the evolution of the pharmaceutical industry in the USA and in Europe†, paper prepared for the Conference on Evolutionary Economics, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, 30-31 March 2001 Ostergard, R.L. (2000) ‘The Measurement of Intellectual Property Rights Protection’. Journal of International Business Studies 31(2): 349–60. Resolution WHA61.21, â€Å"Global strategy and plan of action on public health, innovation and intellectual property†, i Sixty-First World Health Assembly, Geneva, 19–24 May 2008, Volume 1. Resolutions and decisions. Geneva, World Health Organization Sampath P. (2010), â€Å"Global health innovation, big pharma and emerging trends†, in Reconfiguring Global Health Innovation: Creating Capacity for Disease of the Poor, Routledge Publishing, September 2010. Santa Cruz M. and Roffe P., â€Å"A review of recent developments at the multilateral level with respect to intellectual property and the pharmaceutical industry†, Journal of Generic Medicines 6, 323-331 World Health Organization (2006), Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights, Report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health, WHO, Geneva, , p. 174. Yamin A. (2003), â€Å"Not Just a Tragedy: Access to Medications as a Right Under International Law†, Boston University Law Journal, vol. 21:325-372 [1] Resolution WHA61.21, â€Å"Global strategy and plan of action on public health, innovation and intellectual property†, i Sixty-First World Health Assembly, Geneva, 19–24 May 2008, Volume 1. Resolutions and decisions. Geneva, World Health Organization [2] World Health Organization (2006), Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights, Report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health, WHO, Geneva, , p. 174 [3] Ito, B. and R. Wakasugi (2007) ‘What Factors Determine the Mode of Overseas RD by MultinationalsEmpirical Evidence’. Research Policy 36(8): 1275–87. [4] Borrell, J.-R. (2007) ‘Pricing and Patents of HIV/AIDS Drugs in Developing Countries’.Applied Economics 39(4): 505–18 [5] Santa Cruz M. and Roffe P., â€Å"A review of recent developments at the multilateral level with respect to intellectual property and the pharmaceutical industry†, Journal of Generic Medicines 6, 323-331 [6] Abbott, F.M. (2005) ‘The WTO Medicines Decision: World Pharmaceutical Trade and the Protection of Public Health’. American Journal of International Law 99(2): 317–58. [7] Sampath P. (2010), â€Å"Global health innovation, big pharma and emerging trends†, in Reconfiguring Global Health Innovation: Creating Capacity for Disease of the Poor, Routledge Publishing, September 2010. [8] Ostergard, R.L. (2000) ‘The Measurement of Intellectual Property Rights Protection’. Journal of International Business Studies 31(2): 349–60. [9] Yamin A. (2003), â€Å"Not Just a Tragedy: Access to Medications as a Right Under International Law†, Boston University Law Journal, vol. 21:325-372 [10] Branstetter, L., R. Fisman and C.F. Foley (2006) ‘Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Increase International Technology TransferEmpirical Evidence from US Firm-level Panel Data’. Quarterly Journal of Economics 121(1): 321–49 [11] Kremer, M. and R. Glennerster (2004) Strong Medicine: Creating Incentives for Pharmaceutical Research on Neglected Diseases. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. [12] Chaudhuri S. (2010), â€Å"RD for development of new drugs for neglected diseases in India†, Int. J. Technology and Globalisation, Vol. 5, Nos. ?, pp. 61-75 [13] MSF (2001)., Drugs for Neglected Diseases Working Group and the Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines, Fatal Imbalance: The Crisis in Research and Development for Drugs for Neglected Diseases, MSF, Geneva. [14] Lacetera N. and Orsenigo L. (2001), â€Å"Political regimes. technological regimes and innovation in the evolution of the pharmaceutical industry in the USA and in Europe†, paper prepared for the Conference on Evolutionary Economics, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, 30-31 March 2001 [15] Giaccotto, C., R.E. Santerre and J.A. Vernon (2005) ‘Drug Prices and Research and Development Investment Behavior in the Pharmaceutical Industry’. Journal of Law and Economics 48(1): 195–214 How to cite Global Strategy and Plan of Action on Public Health, Essay examples

Motivational Methods Paper Essay Sample free essay sample

Abstraction It is critical for a director to understand and cognize how to supply motivational methods. Every person is different and they all have strengths in different accomplishments. As a director it is of import for me to acknowledge each employee and use motivational methods that would profit each employee as an person. The three motivational techniques that I would utilize would be employee motive through occupation rotary motion. occupation expansion and occupation enrichment. Motivational Methods As a director. I believe that taking the clip and understanding the different strengths in each employee will give me the finding to what motivational methods and techniques will profit them as persons. By holding this rating of each employee I can find what will actuate them the most. I have found that by utilizing occupation rotary motion. occupation expansion and occupation enrichment has made immense impacts in increasing the motive within all the employees at my wellness attention installation. . Without motive. it can take to an increased dissatisfaction and lessening in productiveness. This is why it is of import that all employees stay motivated with the wellness attention installation. The benefits from occupation rotary motion. occupation expansion and occupation enrichment are increasing high. By using these methods and techniques. it will actuate the employees to accomplish the ends in the full section. Employee Motivation Because of the recession and how our economic system has taken a down spiral is has lead the employees to go non-motivated in the work force. It is critical for myself to develop motivational methods and techniques to reenergize the staff and have them prosecute more at work. Job Rotation By supplying the employees with occupation rotary motion. it will give each employee a opportunity to larn a new accomplishment ; they will besides go more flexible and knowing about all facets of the installation. Quite a few people achieve ennui when they have been in the same modus operandi repeatedly. It is hard for an employee to prolong his involvement in a given occupation for any significant length of clip as worlds have the inclination of outgrowing their occupations through the acquisition and experience that they gain over a period of clip ( Alagse. 2011 ) . Professional that the worlds mind demands to be stimulated by alteration and new experiences after a piece of clip has proved it. By holding occupation rotary motion it will excite the employees who crave that excess challenge. This will give those employees to desire to higher their diverseness and derive new strengths. Job rotary motion is a positive tool that can be used to better the potency in a positive manner to these employees who thrive acquisition and alteration. Job Enlargement Job expansion is a great motivational tool to utilize to assist do employees experience like they are of import. By feel like you are of import it will make that single to desire to work harder to maintain that rubric. Job expansion is besides known as horizontal burden. What this means is that by supplying this tool to the employees will hold excess similar. undertakings to the their occupation. Every employee will still keep their current occupation rubric and do the same work but. occupation expansion will give them the chance to execute a larger rang of undertaking that will supply them with more experience. With occupation expansion. the employee seldom needs to get new accomplishments to transport out the extra undertaking. and the motivational benefits of occupation enrichment are non normally experienced ( Tutor2u. 2011 ) . With some people they love occupation expansion and with others they do merely make non. Some employees feel that when they have more work are more duties it puts on the force per unit area and the wage is the same. Like I said that some people like the fact they are being challenged and they get out of the repeat others may non wish it. This is why it is so critical as a director to look closely to see what motivational techniques and methods will work for each person in the most positive manner. Job Enrichment Job enrichment is one of my favorits because I believethat I could associate to this one more so others. By utilizing this method it will increase the employees control over work. I guess as a director this would come in ready to hand. I believe that it why I like it. By utilizing this tool of occupation enrichment it will supply an employee to spread out their undertaking within the work topographic point. I would supply each employee with stimulating and interesting work that adds a assortment and a challenge to an employee’s day-to-day modus operandi. By making this it will increases the deepness of the occupation and let more employees to hold control over their ain work and determinations ( cutts. 2011 ) . Job enrichment can be a really positive tool that can be utilizing within the wellness attention installation. Not merely is it good it is besides effectual to many employees public presentations and maintaining their motive. As we can see that there is multiple ways to add motive to the work topographic point. As a director it is critical that we analysis every person and supply them with the motivational techniques and methods that will profit them the most. This will merely assist advance the wellness attention installation in the more positive manner and occupation public presentation will increase. By utilizing occupation rotary motion it will let others to larn new accomplishments by switching from one undertaking to another. Using occupation expansion there is be more duties for employees to experience of import and worthy and with occupation enrichment it will let employees to hold more control over their occupation. When it comes down to it motive is a great manner to better the work squad and work production. There are merely benefits that come out of actuating your staff to work harder and to make the wellness attention long and short term ends. MentionsAlagse. ( 2011 ) . Importance of Job Rotation. Retrieved 08 03. 2011. from Alagse Promoting Thought Leadership: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. alagse. com/hr/hr9. php cutts. D. ( 2011 ) . Job Enrichment increasing occupation satisfaction. Retrieved 2011. from head tool indispensable accomplishments for an first-class calling: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mindtools. com/pages/article/newTMM_81. htm Tutor2u. ( 2011 ) . What is occupation expansion. Retrieved 2001. from survey notes: people direction motive in pattern occupation enlargnment: hypertext transfer protocol: //tutor2u. net/business/people/motivation_financial_jobenlargement. asp